(DRAFT) What do university departments provide to the employers of their students (data science)

 I gave a talk at the 2025 INFORMS (Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences) Analytics+ conference (i.e., industry practice focused as opposed to research focused) on Where Should the Analysts Live: Organizing Analytics within the Enterprise. The talk was a result of many organizations asking if analytics should be managed within companies centralized or de-centralized.  One of the topics that came up is the fact that much of the practice of data science is learned on the job.  For some people, they may ask if this is the job of universities. I would argue that the practice of data science is so large that this is an impossible ask. I do so from the perspective of someone who for a while was an industry focused professor within an R1 engineering department.

First, what is data science?  Drew Conway still gives the best definition that I have seen in the data science Venn Diagram

Math/stats are the full range of analytical methods as well as the scientific method (the 'science' of data science).  Hacking skills are the computer programming, software engineering, and data engineering specific to working with data (as opposed to what is generally emphasized by academic computer science). Substantive expertise is the subject domain of the work, but it also includes the specifics of the company such as understanding its markets, its customers, and its strategy.

Math/stats is in principle the domain of our university departments.  But university departments are specialists (and research faculty are hyper specialists.  There are two problems with expecting university departments to cover the full range of math/stats that may be needed at a particular company.  First, university departments focus on a particular domain, so it is not expected that they cover other areas of data analysis that a company may need based on their particular interests. Second, they have limited time and unless you are at a very large state university with a particular mission to cover the full range of a subject area, the faculty of a small or medium size department cannot cover the full range of topics that are associated with a given field of knowledge.  So departments create undergrad or graduate programs to cover a foundation, then allow students to specialize (in areas that the department can cover with the faculty they have).  As a non-tenure stream professor, I would explain to students that departments hire to cover a wide range of their field, so they generally do not have much duplication. But each department has to make a conscious choice for what they cover and not cover every time they make a hiring decision.

So what is a university promising with their graduates?  The base set of knowledge and methods (and methods are more important than knowledge, because it is easy to refresh knowledge, you actually need practice with methods), for STEM (and social sciences) the scientific method that creates understanding through iterative experimentation and statistical analysis of experimental results. And most crucially, the capability of learning a technical area. This ability to learn is arguably the most important part of this whole exercise.  Because the world is a big place, and a 17 year old high school student will not be able to predict what the next 40 years will be like. So where a 22 year old college graduate is capable of will be nothing like what she will do over the course of a career. It is hard to develop this ability without college. High school tends to be focused on what you know.  And it is too easy in most jobs to just do what you are doing now, unless you already have the experiences of having to learn new/different domains.  For example, in most STEM and the social sciences, statistics is a side knowledge domain. But for those who go into data science, the fact that they learned statistics makes learning applied machine learning easy.  And the scientific method, while it may not be the thing you think about when you think about engineering or economics, is ingrained into the methods by which they see the world.  It is relatively easy to teach skills, it is much hard to teach mindset or the ability to learn new ways to think.

Is there anything different about artificial intelligence? Actually, yes, which makes it easy to learn for STEM and social science trained people, but also dangerous.  By definition (see  Section 238(g) of the National Defense Authorization Act of 2019) any version artificial intelligence are those which perform tasks without significant human oversight, or that can learn from experience and improve performance when exposed to data sets. In particular, it means that the creators of an artificial intelligence system or model do not have to know how the system that the AI is being added to works. For those in the mathematical sciences (e.g. mathematics, statistics, applied math, operations research, computer science), this is incomprehensible. Even the most theoretical researcher has a core belief that any application of mathematical models involves representing important aspects of the system in mathematical form.  But this makes AI (such as machine learning) relatively easy to use in practice, and this has a low barrier to entry.  But if someone, like a company, actually has subject matter expertise relevent to the problem at hand, not incorporating that expertise into the model is lost value.

Is it enough to be able to learn new skills as needed?  No, we also have to be able to learn to think differently.  The most prominent example is Generative AI. For those who only have knowledge and skills, Generative AI is a completely new thing.  For those who are able to come up with new ways of thinking, Generative AI a combination and extention of deep neural nets, natural language processing, and reinforcement learning trained on the published internet.  And its strengths and weaknesses are not random facts akin to gotchas, but are based on characteristics related to its origins. And knowing that makes a world with Generative AI different, but something that we can use.   This past week I went to a seminar on quantum computing. The mathmatics are completely beyond me. but I could understand enough to recognize the reason for its promise, what is lacking, and some sense of what are some key intermediate steps that have to happen if it ever reaches the promise that many talk about.  And this practice of being faced with completely new subject domains is something I do frequently.

So what can companies expect from the graduates that come from their university partners (whether through former relationships or merely through hiring in the community).  Sometimes it is a collection of specific skills. But more important, a college graduate comes with a testiment that person is able to learn a range of skills and knowledge that are part of a cohesive whole and put them to use. And having done so once, will be able to do it again over a 40 year career.

On simplicity in data science communications

Everything should be made as simple as possible, but no simpler  paraphrase of A. Einstein

 I spent this past week at the 2024 INFORMS Analytics conference.  One of the major themes across both the speakers, the panels (of which I was a panelist), and conversations in the halls was soft skills for data analysts/Data Scientist.  Data scientists are subject to the same stereotype that is used with all those who are technical specialists, that they lack soft skills and this prevents our end stakeholders from understanding and being able to take advantage of the knowledge and capability we bring to our organizations.  And that the most commonly provided solution is to ask the specialists to simplify the delivery.  But, other than an excuse for those with business backgrounds to beat up on the geeks, I don't know if this is the right solution. A better direction would be, as John-Eric Bonilla described it, the data scientist acts as a translator, the person who takes the aggregated insight of the data and of the subject matter experts throughout the organization and translate that into the framework of the decision maker.  This is a tall order, but this is the reason that Drew Conway in his Data Science Venn Diagram gives subject matter expertise equal weight with the math/stats and the computer skills that get so much prominence in these discussions.

When I was deployed in Afghanistan, a brief that I prepared was being pushed up to the Commanding General, ISAF- Afghanistan. Members of the General's staff was present at the last brief, and their comment was that it was a good brief, but I needed to redo it in their format. And they gave me a highly specified template. Now, I could be judgmental and say that it met no conceivable definition of "simple", but I won't. Because I realized immediately that the template had two functions.  First, to shortstop any Powerpoint Rangers and save the General from Death by Powerpoint, because a commanding General in a combat zone is a busy person and does not have time for that.  But also because the purpose of the template was to present the information inside the framework that that particular General processes information for the purpose of making a decision.  And that specificity of presentation, that the recipient can process the information using the framework they have as an expert in their area and make a decision, is the goal of technical communications, such as data science.

The common recommendation to data scientists is that we need to simplify our work for presentation to our decision maker audience.  And the reason that we are given this message is that our decision maker audiences do not need or want our technical explanations and they cannot understand complex topics.  But this view of our decision maker stakeholders is demeaning.  So far, in my career I have found the decision makers that motivate my work to be intelligent, subject experts in their own right, and fully capable of understanding detail and nuance.  But the key is not to remove subtlety and detail (which is the reason this person is in the position of decision maker), but to present the subtlety and detail that is important.  Certainly, the tendency of technical experts to want to focus on the story of their work does not help either. The answer (IMHO) lies in the use of frameworks.  Every specialty community that I know of has frameworks that are used to organize and communicate information. Examples are the range of SITREP formats used by specific emergency response and military communities, the 9-line medevac report, frameworks used for reporting patient condition in specific circumstances in the medical community.  And individual leaders have developed a framework to make the decisions, even if this framework is masked in intuition. And in the ideal case, that record of good decisions is the reason they are in their position.

That makes the key of data communication is to understand the decision making framework used by experts in this situation. In the case of the then Commanding General - ISAF, this framework was formalized by the General's staff, so that all briefs going to him were presented in that framework. And the General can fit all of the provided information into his internal decision making framework.

When this framework has not been formalized, the key is direct communication between the data analyst and the decision maker (or surrogate). The data scientist needs to communicate with the decision maker, or someone who knows how the decision maker things (either intuitively, or because they are members of the same professional community who analyzes information in a standard way) to understand how the decision maker thinks.  Then, this identifies both the type of information and the criteria that will be used to make the decisions.  The data scientist task becomes either identifying the data needed to provide this information, or to use the data that is available to come as close as possible to the information required.  And this unlocks the value of the data scientist, without diminishing either the role or capability of the decision maker.

There are a few ways for this to fail.  First is from the data scientist side. Many technical experts have no desire to learn the decision maker process. This is often accompanied by beliefs that the technical facts make the needed action self evident. Then from the other side, there are those who think that they give commands to people and the people doing the work should be able to get it done without needed resources. Both fall under the heading of lack of communications between the analyst and the customer, which is universally known to be the most common cause of data project failure.  The role of the data analytics manager is to ensure that constant communications is maintained and to intervene if not. (There are managers who think their role is to be a broker. But this also breaks communications and does not help change the most common cause of failure in data analytics projects)

Is being a translator easy? No.  But I have found on my projects is that the data scientist is often the first person who realizes all of the people who are actually involved in an activity, because the data scientist is tracing all of the data elements. So the data scientist needs to learn everyone's language to get a good picture on what is actually happening, and communicate to the decision maker in a format the decision maker can understand. Yes, this is hard (80% of data projects fail, and while vendors use this to market products, those who investigate that number say it is mostly communications). But we are not the only people who have to take complex information and transmit it to a decision maker in a form they can understand and use to make decisions.  The UX community does this too.  And, often they do it well.  So can we.

Book Review: Maiden of the Lux by Jada Fisher, Book 2 of the Dragon Guard

Maiden of the Lux by Jada Fisher
My rating: 5 of 5 stars

This is the second book of the series. It is set in an embattled city-state, surrounded by a bleak and hostile world, only protected by the shield of The Lux. Ten, the protagonist, is a servant girl, living in a society which is highly caste driven and dominated by the Great Houses, who are above both the servant class and the freemen class. From The Great Houses, the elites of society; religious, political, and the dragon riders who protect the city from the evils that lie outside the shield of The Lux.

In the first book, Ten tricks the Great House she works in and enters the qualification process to become a dragon rider. And she eventually makes it, with the blessing of her House lords and her family (also servants). And this despite the open hostility of those who wish to enforce the caste/social class distinctions of the state. This is not a surprise, as this type of story is the American conceit, that it is a meritocracy, and the dragon riders as a whole support her ascending by her merit.

This book is about what happens now that Ten is a probationary dragon rider, with its promise of entering the top rung of society based on merit (passing the tests and being accepted by a dragon). But here is where the traditional society hits back. And as being a dragon rider is by meritocracy, the conservative elements of society have to fight back in the shadows. The naive Ten has allies in her fellow new dragon riders, and through demonstration of bravery in battle, some current dragon riders. But the opposition is in the form of back stabbing, obstacles placed in the way of progress, gaslighting, and overt hostility.

Fantasy and science fiction have its power in that they can create a world and society that is not our own, but because people are people, has parallels. Here is a story of one who is rising above where she started, based on effort, determination, and hard won skill. It is recognized by the defenders of the realm, which maintains the meritocracy and offers the chance for her to demonstrate her worth, and she is not found wanting. But when she gets there, like many in our real society with similar stories, she finds that for every step forwards, there are those who will drag her down and put obstacles in her way, because they don't want a living story of someone rising to take their place and serve the society they are the elites of. Even those who would rather noone rises, because they did not.

This book really needs to be read following the first. The first book invests you in the characters (others beside Ten develop naturally), and build up hope and have you root for Ten and her drive and determination. This book will continue the stories of drive and determination, but, like many such stories in real life, includes a gut punch that you would not expect in a YA novel.

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Courage in Thirteen Lives

I paid attention to the Tham Luang Cave Rescue in 2018, not only because it was in Thailand, but also because of my background in both emergency response and in logistics (which was a major consideration in the rescue operation).  I used this as a white board exercise in my supply chain and logistics classes as a professor.  And a regular reminder for me is that I use the Saman WOD  (created by Crossfit Chamgmai), which memorials Saman Kunan, a Thai Navy SEAL who died in the line of duty during the rescue, annually as my birthday WOD.

Thirteen Lives is a documentary style movie about the rescue, told from the perspective of the cave rescue team.  With the access and active participation of the cave rescue team, it goes deep into the decision making and ethical dilemmas that those who were responsible had to address.

The choices in the cave rescue are well documented.  There was the local team, the Thai Navy SEALS.  Well motivated and trained, with the logistics planning expertise of a U.S. special forces unit to back them up.  But, their training and expertise where not in the hyperspecialized setting of cave rescue that they found themselves in.

The choices of the cave rescue divers was also well documented.  The need to work within the local system, which meant both the Thai civil and Thai military authorities (who were competing with each other in the way things things go anywhere in the world). The difficulties in just finding the team in the dark and flooded caves, then planning out how the boys would be brought out of the cave, with the host of ethical dilemmas that various aspects of that operation entailed.

But Thirteen Lives presents a profile in courage in the person of the governor.  Thirteen Lives presents him as a governor who is in his last days, and implies that it was not a glorious send off.  And that he was the apparent designated fall guy if things went wrong (with the foreign cave rescue divers being not too far behind, but that is a story that everyone is happy not to have to tell).

The first choice he was presented with was to work with the foreign cave rescue divers while in the presence of the Thai Navy and SEALS who were eager to do the job.  On one hand, a provincial governor recognized that high profile foreigners dying looks bad to the Thais (who would be suspected of using amateurs and admitting lack of confidence). On the other hand, the loss of one of the Thai divers in the rescue was an indicator of just how dangerous and difficult this was.  Further tough choices came when the boys were found, and the cave rescue team provided very honest assessments on the options they had and their chances of success (noone thought their odds were good, and almost guaranteed fatalities).  And as the senior authority, he had to give the yes or no every step of the way.

But the most telling illustration of leadership in action was when the hydrology people explained what was happening with the rain on top of the mountain.  That water was seeping into the mountain and into the cave system (which is what happens in all mountains, this seeping happens in the hills leading into my backyard).  And that it could be possible to divert the water falling on the mountain so that it did not go into the cave system.  But "there was a price".  The water had to be diverted somewhere.  So the governor had to go to the villagers to ask to flood their fields in the name of a rescue effort that noone knew if it would succeed. So the villagers are private citizens, and there is no law that says that the governor can order them to take the damage, and certainly not for a mere chance of 13 lives (compared to the ruination of the villages that would be a guarantee)  So, with no time, he has to persuade the villagers to do this, with only promises that he will try to make things right in the end, succeed or fail (and remember, he is leaving his position when all this is over)  And this is the result of trust and leadership gained over time.

There are many images of leadership.  An alternative is to cut your loses and avoid the possibility of things that don't look good.  Which often leads to loosing everything for no gain.  And that was the alternative provided to this governor. But leadership is shown when you are willing to make difficult decisions.  And convince people that it is everyone's best interest that they sacrifice, on nothing more than a promise that they will all gain in the end. If not materially, then spiritually.  And Thirteen Lives tries to show this in a very real way.

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Basement home gym - Summer 2022 version

 The end of 2021 was marked by a burst pipe in the basement, which ruined all of the flooring, but spared all of the equipment (as they were on top of mats so did not get soaked).  So, when insurance paid for new mats, this provided an opportunity to rearrange the basement gym.  Also, the big upgrade was the addition of the Whipr, a connected (i.e. bluetooth) multi-sport ergometer which sees regular use as a rower and ski-erg, and occasional use as a paddle (kayak/canoe) erg.

First, the equipment nook, which has the big changes from last year.

This side used to have the rack, a rower and the AirDyne.  Now, the flooring was replaced with rubber flooring to better withstand the heavier weights and equipment.  The treadmill was moved here, where the tougher rubber is a better floor than mats intended for martial arts.  

The Whipr is the big addition here.  The Whipr (https://whipr.com/) is a multi-sport ergometer. The most common version of an ergometer is a rower.  It measures power, and bluetooth enabled (FTMS) apps can use it to measure your force production.  My son and I both use it as a rower (not as good as a Concept 2, but better than any other non-fan/water based rower.  In addition, I regularly use it as a Ski-erg, and occasionally use it for canoe, kayak, or stand up paddle. (ski and SUP are mounted to the rack). The big benefit is that it measures distance and calories directly from force production, which rewards good form. (less capable machines measure stroke rate and estimate everything else from there).  Both the Whipr and the treadmill (Horizon T101 with a Runn sensor) are bluetooth enabled, so I use Kinomap to give myself a virtual course to row/run/ski/paddle on and keep track of energy and work.

The other major component to this corner is the CAP power rack.  It is designed for the barbell, in particular squats and bench press (I do deadlifts on the floor after folding up the treadmill and moving the rower).  I have a bar with standard plates (1" hole, contrast to Olympic plates with 2" hole).  It is adequate for the weights I use, because I don't plan on going that heavy (i.e. low 200lbs is going to be enough). The biggest thing lacking with a standard bar vs Olympic bar is that standard bars do not spin, so I really cannot do the olympic weights with anything serious. So my Olympic movements are done with sandbags or kettlebell.

Attached to the rack are rings and a cable pulley.  The rings replace a cheap suspension trainer, which was starting to fray.  I got better quality, but not willing to spend on a name brand trainer, I got rings instead. The wider webbing should make it last longer.  I do dips, rows, and presses on this. The instability due to not being anchored to the ground makes for a good challenge.  The cable pulley was an experiment.  Basically, it allows for using weights where the direction of resistance is more horizontal than normal with free weights (where resistance is toward the ground).  But I get much of that from the rings.

Also attached to the rig are the ski and SUP brackets for the Whipr.

The ski attachment is mounted on top of the rack using 3/4" webbing.  I mounted initially using a buckle, then wrapped the webbing like a big, repeated clove hitch.  Done twice, it is a very stable setup.  As the skierg movement is complementary to the rower movement (anterior chain as opposed to the rower posterior chain), this is a good complement to the rower. Also good if my legs are torched and I need something reasonably easy that is upper body cardio.  The paddle and SUP are also good for that in addition to the rotation stimulus they provide.

The SUP bracket is mounted to the lower rail of the power rack.  It took me a while to realize that I needed to have the hook and brace on the webbing in this order for it to work, or the brackets would slip off if any force is applied for any reasonable length of time.  I also have to put a couple spare mats under the bracket so support the Whipr base unit so it does not flop around.

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The other corner has the kettlebells, dumbbells, AirDyne, and punching bags.  The plate loaded kettlebells (variously Fitness Gear at Dick's sporting goods, or Apex, but made by the same company as Marcy.  They have a base weight of 20 pounds, but can be loaded with up to 4 5 pound standard weights. So this is my usual weight for StreetParking Crossfit-style workouts, with the weight depending on my abilities for the movement in question. The pair of 30 pound dumbbells is an aspirational weight.  For static moves, I am able to use these. But for olympic moves overhead (e.g. clean and press or snatches) I'm not there yet.  But I've been using these for dumbbell strength focused workouts.

While the rower and treadmill are our cardio implements of choice, I get a lot of use out of the AirDyne.  The rower, treadmill, and skierg all are more technique driven while the AirDyne is more mindless (since the machine guides the motion along a fixed path). So for pure mindless work capacity, it is the goto. But also light mindless work (like taking a work break) it is good for moving when I want to listen or watch something.

The next corner has homemade PVC dip bar, parallettes, a stepper, wobble board, and a set of sand kettlebells and medicine balls.  The dip bar is for dips and inverted rows, especially if the dip bars we have for the power rack are being claimed. The parallettes are for pushups (easier on the wrists) or as an obstacle for hop overs.  The sand kettlebells are mostly for my son(11). They are 10, 15, 20 pounds. We have another set, but they are scattered in rooms around the house for quick study/work breaks.  The medicine balls are used as wall balls. My daughter (8) uses the sand kettlebells and medicine balls for carries around the basement.  Last in this corner as the AV cart.  I have a monitor with an Amazon Fire attached which uses two bluetooth speakers for music when working out.  Also here are foam rollers and lacrosse balls for mobility, the fan for circulation, and whiteboard and cleaning supplies.

Last corner are the jump ropes and sandbags.  We have jump ropes for both of the kids and myself, all sized appropriately (with a little bit of growing room set up for the kids.).  I have two sandbags, one at 40#, one at 65#.  I generally use the 40# bag for anything with serious volume.  Then we have shelves with the TKD gear.  I don't do TKD much anymore (a casualty of the COVID-19 pandemic), but my son still does so he uses the space for practice.

Thanks for reading about my  home gym.  It has come a long way from when we moved in and all we had were mats and a set of spin-lock dumbbells.  But like all good home gyms, we built this up a little at a time and we have most of what I can think of.  Some things that come to mind are increasing weight on the kettlebells (will need an additional one), and a spin type bike.  (we can dream, right)

Youth competition during COVID-19

 For all the bad behaviors that surround youth competition, both of us believe that there is high value in competing as youth (and just to get it out of the way, none of the value comes from winning, except that winning enables more competing)  Competition exposes the kids to a realizing that there are standards of excellence beyond what they see every day, and to work towards a goal beyond matching those immediately around them.

The first value is the value of comparison.  In a local group (like a school), it is easy compare yourself only to the people around you.  It is also easy to believe that the people around you are your competition.  But that is patently false.  The people around you will become your friends and colleagues. And just as in the real world, the successes of those around you translate into your own circle improving as you spur each other on to excellence and share the attitudes and practices that bring you there. In youth competition where you see the same people again and again, your local competitors also become this community.  The contrast that often happens with those who only see their local area is that success is resented (especially when that success occurs outside the local group), and attacked by those who would withhold resources, denigrate, and pull back those who do well in the larger world for a variety of reasons.  

A second value of competition is to experience the ebb and flow of training/preparation cycles.  The competition itself is a mere moment in time.  The value of the competition is the preparation that leads to it.  While in school, the performance is the goal in the forms of frequent tests, the time domain is too small to reflect real life.  In competitions, the training cycle (in all fields that I know of) is measured in months.  And there is a flow of months leading up to a competition, then a rest immediately following, because human beings cannot sustain a constant high level of pressure indefinitely. This sense that we live beyond the immediate moment is not found in normal school settings (which focuses on the next test) or in normal free play (which only exists in the moment).

 

A third is an appreciation for excellence and details. In every aspect of life, there are skills that can be mastered. And doing so is through practice, repetition, and focus on details that can be improved.  And this is always grinding work.  But they payoff comes later, as the preparation cycle continues and these details are put together into a larger whole, the mastery of the details leads to performance in the field that is a thing of beauty and wonder.  And as you get better, you recognize that the struggles you went through, were shared by fellow competitors and the models of greatness in their own preparation cycles.  And this becomes the inspiration for the next training cycle, recognizing that the improvements in the details at the beginning of the cycle leads to the performance at the end of the cycle.

All of this was magnified during COVID-19.  With the lockdowns and cancellations of events due to both the pandemic and the constant political fighting between those who valued the health and safety of the kids and those who wanted to ignore the whole thing, many activities who attempted to ignore the pandemic were caught in the consequences, leading to turmoil.  Similarly the schools, so school based activities were curtailed.  Our school district had a cyber program, but it was taught in a way that isolated the students.  So students only interacted on their own initiative (or there parents).  And this magnified the tendency in our school district that growth was an individual activity (and it was everyone for themselves).  So we actively tried to create this environment where my kids would be able to compete and be exposed to the larger world.

Over the last two years, we were able to do this in a broad range of forums. My son qualified for his Tae Kwon Do organization's district championship tournament (based on a NASCAR like point system from local tournament results).  This surprise greatly improved his motivation to continue martial arts training.  He also was a member of teams in regional math competitions, with his team placing in both pandemic years.  While math is an individual activity, we were able to create online practice/prep sessions so that the team members could meet each other and get used to each other's personalities before the actual competition.  Robotics was mostly in-person team, with an organization that took COVID-19 seriously so their competitions went as normal. While the science fair this year was in person, all of the hard work was done while he was in virtual school (unfortunately we were not able to form a community around this during the preparation period).  My daughter has participated in harp recitals and judging along with submitting works of poetry to various forums.  Both of them walk away from each round of competition and judging with excitement for that field.

What we saw was how motivating it was for our kids to be involved in something where they are evaluated against an outside standard.  And it really needs to be an outside standard, the kids are understandably jaded by the feedback they get from the people in their everyday life because it feels mundane (and they also have figured out that the feedback is not objective because there are other motivations).  These competitions are something to look forward to and the preparation/training cycle becomes a way of marking the seasons, which is how personal growth works in real life.

Kinomap and non-connected fitness devices

As the basement home gym is in its neverending buildout, we move to the cardio equipment.  We have a low end airbike and low end magnetic rower, a bike trainer for my bike (which is no longer road worthy since the screws on the handlebars are stripped), and recently we got a low end treadmill.  And by low end, what I really mean is at the low end of what people who actually care about this would accept (not the cheapest stuff, which tends not to survive a year of heavy use).  But one way of upgrading the equipment is to use virtual fitness apps, and Kinomap in particular has been designed to make it possible even with low end stuff like we have, and it makes long workouts a lot more interesting.

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Long duration endurance indoors is unspeakably boring, which is the source of the joke that most exercise equipment is used as clothes hangers.  In recent years, one way to combat this are virtual fitness apps.  So, unlike mere exercise videos, virtual fitness apps are characterized by having their play be dependent on how hard you are working on the equipment, typically by measuring your power output and adjusting your in-app speed accordingly.  Zwift is a graphics game version of this, you run or bike inside a computer game and your avatar goes through the course along avatars of everyone else on the platform.  Peloton and Hydrow are a different breed within this category, they try to replace a studio class with videos and measures your performance and progress.  Kinomap, which I use, has real world videos, but plays them at a speed that is based on your power.

One thing virtual fitness requires is equipment that measures power, which is used by the game to track performance and set the speed of play. But this tends to be mid to high end equipment (the sensors and the data displays that goes with them is a big part of the cost for the $1000+ equipment).  Those who have lower end equipment without the sensors (identifiable by cheap data displays that have no accuracy to speak of) cannot take part in that.  Enter Kinomap with use of the camera sensor.

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Kinomap, like all such apps, is based on connecting smart exercise equipment to the app via Bluetooth. It connects to a very wide range of exercise equipment by a wide range of companies.  The very opposite of vendor lock-in.  And in addition to supporting a wide range of equipment, it includes a feature that uses the app device (smartphone or tablet) camera as a sensor to estimate power so the app will still work.  This works through computer vision.  For running, it sees your head jump up and down to estimate cadence (step counters effectively do the same thing, except using accelerometers).  For rowers, the camera can measure distance and watches you go back and forth to measure stroke rate (I'm a little hazy on how cycling works, it seems to track your pedaling cadence but I cannot tell what it does next)

Why is this important?  

1. It is fun.  Rowing to blue sky and blue oceans listening to the boat cutting through water and birds in the distance is a lot more fun than staring at walls. Even with music.

2. It is motivating.  The virtual apps let you row/run/cycle along with others and you can use them as rabbits or chasers.

3. Collecting performance data is the key to improvement. The big difference between athletic training and exercise is in training you record your performance and use performance over time to show progress.  And Kinomap allows that even when using equipment that does not.

So, my contribution to the internet.  As the people who make virtual fitness app reviews and demos are generally serious enough to have the connected, smart fitness equipment that virtual fitness apps use to work, there are not much in the way of demos on using non-connected equipment with these apps. So here is my demonstration of the use of Kinomap with a very low end magnetic rower (good enough that reviewers say it is not bad, but not good enough to collect data) with the Kinomap camera sensor.  

Book Review: The Last Dance by Martin Shoemaker

The Last Dance by Martin L. Shoemaker
My rating: 5 of 5 stars

This is a collection of short stories about one Captain Aames, whose has had a role in the initial stages of the exploration and colonization of Mars. And is now Captain of the main transport to Mars, the Aldrin. And the framing device is that of an Inspector General Park as she has conversations with crew and past crew of Aames. And we find that Aames is not nice, to put it mildly. But he is highly competent, and those who stay with him say that this level of competence is what has saved their lives, and in the lessons they learned saved the lives of those they were with.

So, each of the stories is told as a conversation between IG Park and the crew member about a historical episode that is meant to provide Park with some background intended to sway Park to their preferred outcome, and Park is very aware that she is dealing with unreliable narrators who are in some way self-serving. And this dynamic makes the characters believable. Everyone, including Captain Aames, who does not actually appear until late, is flawed (and Captain Aames explicitly states that he knows it, which makes him even more larger than life in the eyes of his crew). All of the sympathetic characters (Aames, his crew, and IG Park) grow over the course of each story.

Yes, the overall story is competence porn, and I'm a sucker for those. And the better versions of that are those where things go wrong, even if the hero is part of how it happened, because things go wrong in life. But the hero does not give up. And it is not one heroic act that makes it work, it is the development of a plan that can work, and everyone doing their part to make it work, because that is how real life works too. And here, the hero is not the hero because of what he does, it is because he gets everyone around him to rise to the occasion and take their role in making everything work.

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The value of competition for youth

This past weekend DS10 competed at the American Taekwondo Association (ATA) Northeastern District Championships in 9-10 Blackbelt forms and traditional weapons.  Qualification was somewhat of a surprise to us.  The ATA uses a NASCAR style points system for qualifying.  You get points for placing in the many competitions hosted around the country during the year.  Then at the end of the year, state champions are determined for each of the categories based on accumulated points, and the qualifiers for districts are determined.  Because of COVID-19, last year's competitions were cancelled, and this year's qualifiers were based on last year's competitions.  While we knew that DS10 had points from last year, we were surprised to find out that he had enough to qualify (we found out when the ATA sent notices to the schools that their students qualified for District Championships).  We suspect that many of those who would have otherwise qualified had dropped out of the ATA and TKD during COVID (while DS10 had continued training through his school that supported virtual classes).  But, since both of us (parents) are in fields where careers are marked by perseverance through the events of life, the COVID-19 pandemic is merely one of those life events, but experienced by everyone, and everyone made decisions that allowed them to progress or not in their chosen areas.

After learning that he qualified for Districts, DS10 now joined the ranks of those who travel for tournaments.  We have typically only gone to tournaments that were local (i.e. no hotel stay required), but we always noticed the number of competitors that traveled to tournaments from other states (in most cases, because the points to be gained were valid in their pursuit of their state and district qualifiers at the end, but there were some traveling competitors at the novice sections as well).  When he was younger, our philosophy of tournaments was that DS10 needed to be exposed to the quality of those outside his immediate circle (school).  Again, both parents have the philosophy that the only way of assessing the quality of a person in an area is to see how they fare when directly compared to a larger population.  Because until you are compared outside your home, you can never know how good you really are.  And then knowing what is possible gives one intrinsic motivation to become better.  And not just in the area of competition, but in all areas of life (i.e. become a better human being).

In preparing for the tournament, TKD had gone from a sideline during the pandemic to an area of focus (it helped that he just had piano competitions that meant these areas were ramping down). This meant regular sessions with dad in the basement and weekly private lessons at the ATA school to ramp up his TKD over two months.

For the competition itself, we did not have high expectations.  The majority of the competitors in the ring had state and district champion patches (meaning they were state or district champions in past years).  So the goal was to do well  (i.e. not get last :-) )  And his scores were in line with reasonably good, but not exceptional.

More useful was the post-competition talk. DS10 reports that during competition his world got very small, and he noticed nothing but himself and the judge.  So we explained that this was the feeling that he wants to have, that sense of being able to concentrate and focus so that nothing else matters and he enters the zone.  This for us is the value of the competition, not winning or loosing, but understanding what it means to prepare to do your best in the moment, and how that moment feels when you are doing your best (and contrast to when you did not do your best). Because that is a feeling that can be repeated in all parts of your life.  Next, exposure to the reality that the world is bigger than your day to day life, and the people around you are not competition, but fellow travelers on that path (even if we are regularly reminded that people around us do not agree with this belief).

Theatre during COVID-19: The Catastrophist by Lauren Gunderson and the Marin Theatre

 

Live artistic performances is something that has been impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic.  We have somewhat filled in that gap in our lives by watching performances by the Pittsburgh Ballet, the Front Row series by the Pittsburgh Symphony, and embracing the online performances by various artists (and paying for them). Because, just like we do with restaurants and other businesses, life just makes much more sense when we take advantage of the experiences that are available instead of dwelling on the experiences that are not.  (and not being in the privileged upper 1%, the peak level experiences like being close enough to see the eyes of the performers that are the hardest to replicate with social distancing were not available to us anyway so these virtual performance give a pretty good experience)

The Catastrophist is a one man play by Lauren Gunderson, commissioned and written during the COVID-19 pandemic. And while many writers try to research their works by immersing themselves, Ms Gunderson was not able to claim COVID-19 restrictions as an impediment. She is married to the virologist who is the basis for the play (Ms Gunderson is known for writing plays centered on scientists, but she usually does not have this close access to them).

Dr. Nathen Wolfe is known as a virologist who achieved some notoriety during the 2014 Ebola outbreak which was more widespread than the normal and threatened to spread into the U.S.  He is one of the virologists that persuaded then U.S. administration to take this seriously and prepare for its arrival.  (I remember being taught procedures we would take in my role as a Red Cross volunteer if it was necessary to support Ebola quarantine by delivering food.)

There are two threads in the play.  

First is Dr. Wolfe's development as a scientist.  There is an discussion woven throughout with his development as a scientist (Jewish grandma: "Why would you go to Harvard Medical School if you were not going to be a medical doctor?")  and a developing conversation on philosophy of science.  But the meat is doing virology, especially in his specialty of zoonotic viruses, viruses that jump from animals to people.  He talks about doing field work in Camaroon (which was partially under Dr. Donald Burke, of the University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health) going into the countryside and working with people living there and both teaching best practices and doing research with both the people as well as the animals they hunted.   And how this field research led to the discovery in the lab of proof that viruses jumped from animals to people.  (and for those who are linking this to COVID-19, this is the same work that the Wuhan virology lab does in the forests of Asia, they can discover a virus in the lab from sample they take, but any virus they discover is already existing in the forests and caves of Asia).  Then, after going from field work to lab work, how this naturally grows to the insights that showed that the 2014 Ebola outbreak was different and more of a threat to the world than earlier Ebola outbreaks, and led to the warnings that the rest of the world prepared for it and was ready for it when it arrived outside of Africa.  (there is a sidenote here about the accusations that occur whenever anyone actually tries to do anything in the real world saying that the response was botched because of it was not perfect.  But after 2020, we know know what a botched response looks like, i.e. what would have happened if his team was not involved)

Another major thread was about risk and mortality.  In part the conversation about risk was about philosophy of science, but then it becomes personal. There is an abstract conversation about risk, like he promised his wife that he would not do anything that exceeded a certain value on a risk measure. But then it gets more personal. Like the reality that every male in his family dies in their 40s from a heart condition.  So it covers his relationship with his father, and then with his sons. (and that his sons never met their grandfather, who died just before the first was born).

Watching this with family (and after watching Dr. Wolfe's TED talk), we have to remember that theatre requires its actors to exaggerate emotion because voices and body are all they have to communicate, especially in one-man shows where there they cannot use the reactions of the other characters (my wife, who does not like musical theatre, finds this comment amusing). So the play is a caricature of Dr. Wolfe. But is it a very good picture on what it is to be in science, the joys of discovery, and the thrills and hazards of actually doing work that has impact, especially in the politicized world of real life where there are plenty of people who want to blame those who save them.  Highly recommended as a way of understanding how viruses and pandemics work (and the subfield of zoonotic diseases, think how hunters interact with the animals they hunt)

The Catastrophist is streaming on demand at the Marin Theatre through the end of February. Note that there is a one day delay from when you order tickets to when you get the link, so plan accordingly.  For those with young children, note that theatre requires actors exaggerate their emotions, so there is cursing in anger sprinkled throughout the play.

The home gym in January 2021: An ode to StreetParking

The Basement Gym Equipment

Here is the current state of the basement gym.  When we bought this house, we decided to make the basement a gym (the previous owner basically used it as a messy closet), so we had ordered mats that would arrive just after we moved (and before the movers moved our stuff). So the main part of the basement was immediately covered in 3/4" mats suitable for exercise.

The floor is the main feature. The open floor is meant for TKD, so it is always (ha!) clear to do forms. And we move equipment there as needed. The floor is used for our workouts (usually CrossFit or HIIT style workouts), my daughter uses it to dance to music and music videos.  In the corner is the screen with an Amazon Fire stick.  Two bluetooth speakers on the walls provide surround sound music for the workout. The shelves in the corner hold any electronics (remotes, timers, HRM chest strap), accessories, and mobility equipment (foam roller, lacross balls, yoga blocks).  Also along the wall are a pylo box (home made) and steppers (garage sale)

A new addition is along the wall with the mirrors and whiteboard (which is now hanging). We have hooks that we use for resistance band training.  We have started using resistance bands for swimming dryland training, so the bands are clipped into the hooks, and we can practice our strokes, either on our back, or using the weight bench.  I also use the upper hooks to do ski-erg type motions.

This corner has all of the TKD equipment. In addition to two Century Wavemaster standing bags for striking and kicking, we have kick and hand targets for taekwondo.  Also various ATA TKD weapons.  Also important are the posters. We have posters for kettlebell, medicine ball, bodyweight, stretches, foam roller, anatomy, (and other wall) dumbbell, barbell, suspension band, and cable machine, along with posters illustrating the foundational powerlifting and Olympic lifts. And various card decks with exercises when we need to build a semi-random circuit workout.

Another new addition is the bike trainer. I got a Kinetic Road Machine off of Facebook Marketplace over the summer (someone was selling it for her brother-in-law, so the goal was to clear it out of the hosue)  I added the Inride Power Meter, and now I have a bike trainer that measures power (previously, I used the calories estimated by my HRM to measure power)  Training to power adds a new dimension to training, and a third cardio machine, because power meters measure output, as opposed to the HRM, which effectively measures input (effort), which as any engineer knows, is not what you should be measuring.  I have been using it with the Kinetic.fit app to record power based workouts.  I do this once or twice a week (depending on if I use this for the Streetparking Endurance workout for the week)

Here is the equipment nook.  This area is organized around the power rack and its mats. I have a standard bar (1" diameter weights), with about 250 lbs of weights for use with a barbell, dumbbells, and an adjustable kettlebell that is usually loaded up to 30-40 lbs of weight.  I also have three sand kettlebells (10#, 15#, 20#) that the kids use and I use for warmups.  And there are two sandbags, a 50# and a 65# that I joke are great for when I need to feel particularly badass :-).  I have a suspension trainer on the back upper bar that I will use for warmups.  And a new addition is a cable pully I have on the front upper bar for cable exercises (also using standard plates)

For cardio we have two machines, a magnetic rower and an airdyne.  My son has started using these as well, although he is not quite tall enough.  For longer workouts, he can use the rower, (because I don't like using the Airdyne for workouts > 30 minutes, I usually pull out the bike trainer for these.)

What we do

This was the COVID-19 pandemic year, which meant that schools became virtual, and even after school activities struggled to figure out how to work with the kids.  Some places really did not figure this out, others went all in to remote (video) training, and others basically became video classes (no interaction).  We had an immense advantage that my main fitness programming was Streetpakring (https://streetparking.com/), which is an online CrossFit style programming. So I'm used to this.  My daughter is used to joining me on my workouts (I scale, so she scales too).  And now she discovered the Just Dance series of games, and now dances for hours on end, so she is taken care of.  My son was a little harder. His TKD first stopped completely, and his school did not really get the hang of the virtual teaching, so we have been trying to get a routine.  So now, we have 4 types of workouts over the week.

1. 20 minutes of intervals (0:30/0:30, 0:40/0:20, 1/1, 0:90/0:30) (rower or airdyne)

2. Dryland bodyweight HIIT (usually a 20 minute video aimed at swimmers, but SP Shift is also an option.

3. Resistance band 

4. Long, either ~40 minute run or 40 minutes of intervals (rower)

Streetparking

Streetparking is an online CrossFit style programming (constantly varied across broad modal and time domains) aimed at home gym owners.  It has two mantras:  more than nothing, and consistency is key.  The center piece are the CrossFit style workouts.  5 days a week there are 4 versions, A (dumbbell centered), B (barbell centered) and C (sandbag or other odd object based), and shift (simpler movements for those who have not mastered the movement. They are big on scaling with options for movements to match available equipment and skills that maintain the stimulus. Next, there are accessories workouts, strength focused (power, olympic, and sandbag), skillwork (gymnastics), endurance, and, for those who just can't get away from gym bodybuilding workouts, accessories for that.

They have a very wide range of people doing this, the two largest populations are (1) stay at home moms and (2) active military (and families).  So their mantra is More than nothing, meaning they encourage everyone to do what is intense for them (weight, reps, movements).  (intensity is the another component of CrossFit)   And the generally accepted way of knowing that you got the intensity right, you complete the workout in the goal time and you die (or as DD6 knows, you plop at the end of a workout)

But what makes Streetparking different than other online programs is the amount of interaction between the members.  The focus is on the Facebook and Instagram accounts associated with Streetparking, and members are encouraged to video workouts and post them.  As many people are unwilling to put themselves out in the public (because people on the Internet in general are strange), many people create private accounts or have accounts that are solely for Streetparking, and will only connect to other people who are also in Streetparking (there is a Streetparking account for publicity purposes, and another account that only follows Streetparking members, so we know to look for that to identify each other).  And it very clearly is not meant to be a focused on the strongest, but on those who maintain intensity.  There is the CrossFit vibe of always cheering on those who struggle through (regardless of what that means), and in posts, I think one of the rewards of honesty is reading others reports of workouts, and saying "that is what I was feeling, at the exact same point in the workout".  So social media becomes a lot of "me two" types posts, which builds that sense of shared community, that is missing in places that try to deliver video to people working at home.  And the sheer range of people involved.  I feel that Streetparking has the broadest cross-section of people out of any association I am in, and it encourages using it as a place where people can have conversations about life (with a little bit of moderation to move any antagonistic conversations elsewhere).  For example as COVID-19 made its way to through the U.S. and different states had different experiences, members from the various areas discussed their experiences dealing with life, the shutdowns, and getting (and recovering) from COVID (and occasionally a story that someone did not).  The type of connection that keeps us all sane in a time when we don't get enough face to face interaction, and one way video interaction does not provide.

Fitness in 2020

Yes, this was a strange year for fitness. An infectious disease that spreads through respiratory transmission meant that group fitness centers, like gyms and martial arts studios, had restrictions on operations. And owners and operators of gyms and other group fitness establishments varied considerably in their following general guidelines for operating those types of activities (and the CDC was prohibited from telling Americans what they were, leading to other organizations recreating the standard proceedures the rest of the world had in place.

My primary training program was CrossFit, through Streetparking, which is an online program that was founded by two former CrossFit Games athletes (one of whom was on CrossFit Seminar staff).   So this included metabolic conditioning workouts (combination of strength and stamina), endurance, and power workouts.  Second, was martial arts through the American Taekwondo Association (ATA).  And starting in 2019, I started tracking workouts through Polar (I have a Polar Ignite heart rate monitor), so between my workout logs and my Polar logs, I have a quantified fitness
 

Heart rate zones and training benefit

Calories and heart rate per month

So, these plots show the disruption in April (although part of it was just my loosing my HRM that month), then a steady increase as I got into the swing of things in Summer.  Summer was also when I did the Street Parking Endurance program.  And then got injured.  So Fall was recovery (note a gradual increase in intensity over time) and then December, when I was doing two-a-days during the Christmas and New Year holidays.  We also see that HRM have a bias toward endurance workouts, as it is really hard to get into the Red zone unless you are running or cycling.

Looking at my Streetparking logs, I see the following:

Bassically, I continued to do about 5 workouts a week.  But a lot more endurance (run, row, cycle), in part because of doing the endurance program (many of which did not get counted here).  I increased Buts and Guts.  This is generally bodybuilding type workouts, but focused on core and unilateral lower body, which helps in preventing injury. After I went to physical therapy for IT band syndrome in summer 2019, I did Butts and Guts on a regular basis.  And less use of the sandbag, since I had other things to concentrate on.  (Program A is a kettlebell/dumbbell focused, Program B is a barbell version, Program C is a sandbag version of the same workout)

Other things of note: in 2020 I completed The Vault challenge, which was a weekly test workout (in Crossfit there are normal everyday workouts, then there are tests, which are intended to help measure your progress). So The Vault was 25 weeks of one test workout a week. (and done twice each in 2020)

Goals for the coming year

1. Complete the 2021 version of the Vault.

2. Complete a challenge that involves nutrition.  While there are competition type events in CrossFit, challenges tend to be based on consistency in lifestyle changes, so a challenge is over a month or two and involves nutrition and other lifestyle tracking in addition to workouts.  Consistency in workouts is easy for me. (that is just discipline).  Tracking nutrition is a new anmial.

3.  Do Aerobic Capacity.  Aerobic capacity is a program that focuses on stamina and endurance in CrossFit. While the roots are in endurance sports, this program is done in the context of a CrossFit program, so it recognizes that the endurance and stamina are not ends in themselves, but are as part of a broader fitness goals  (CrossFit Metcons can be anywhere from 2 to 20 minutes in duration)  But the core of Aerobic Capacity is still the endurance sports (running, cycling)\

4.  Do a power meter workout weekly and work through the introductory power meter program.  I got a Kinetic Road Machine off of Facebook Marketplace and added a power meter sensor to it, so I effectively have a metered bike trainer. So the plan here is to do at least one workout a week on the bike trainer and take a one month training program that is based on the power meter)

5. Monitor strain vs tolerance on Polar Flow. This is the measure that correlates to injury risk, and if I had my current heart rate monitor in August, it would have been flagged that I was at a heightened injury risk. (strain is the recent workout load, tolerance is the workout load over the past four weeks, so strain vs tolerance tells if my workout load has been increasing faster than my ability to adapt to it properly)